Table 1. Instrumentation for FIRE-ACE/SHEBA

TABLE 1. INSTRUMENTATION ABOARD THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON'S CONVAIR-580 AIRCRAFT FOR FIRE-ACE/SHEBA
(a) Navigational and Flight Characteristics
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Latitude and longitude, ground speed	Global positioning system	Bendix/King KLN900	global
True airspeed	Variable capacitance	Rosemount Model 831 BA	0 to 250 m s^-1 (<0.2%)
Heading	Gyrocompass	King KCS-55A	0 to 360° (± 1°)
Pressure altitude	Variable capacitance	Rosemount Model 830 BA	150 to 1100 mb (<0.2%)
Pitch, roll, and azimuth	Differential GPS	Trimble TANS/Vector	0 to 360° (± 0.15°)
Pitch and roll	CAR Gyro	--	± 20°
(b) General Meteorological
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Total air temperature	Platinum wire resistance	Rosemount Model 102CY2CG and 414 L Bridge	-60 to 40°C (< 0.1°C)
Static air temperature	Reverse-flow thermometer	In-house	-60 to 40°C (< 0.5°C)
Dew point	Cooled-mirror dew point	Cambridge System Model TH73-244	-40 to 40°C (< 1°C)
Absolute humidity	IR optical hygrometer	Ophir Corp. Model IR-2000	0 to 10 g m^-3 (~5%)
Air turbulence	RMS pressure variation	Meteorology Research Inc. Model 1120	0 to 10 cm^2/3 s^-1 (<10%)
Horizontal winds	GPS	Bendix/King KLN900	Global
UV hemispheric irradiance (upward and downward)	Diffuser, filter photo-cell (0.295 to 0.390 µm)	Eppley Lab. Inc. Model 14042	0 to 70 W m^-2(± 3 W m^-2)
VIS-NIR hemispheric irradiance (upward and downward)	Eppley thermopile (0.3 to 3 µm)	Eppley Lab. Inc. Model PSP	0 to 1400 W m^-2 (± 10 W m^-2)
Surface radiative temperature*	IR radiometer 1.5° FOV (8 to 14 µm)	Omega Engineering 053701	-50° to 1000°C ± 0.8% or reading
Video image	Forward-looking camera and time code	Sony Hi8 camera	SVHS tape
(c) Aerosol
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Number concentration of particles	Condensation particle counter	TSI Model 3760	10^-2 to 10⁴ cm^-3 (>0.02 µm to ~0.3 µm)
Size spectrum of particles	Forward light-scattering	Particle Measuring Systems Model FSSP300	0.3 to 20 µm (31 channels)

(Cont.)

________________
* Malfuntioned during most of study

TABLE 1 (continued)

(c) Aerosol (continued)

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

Size spectrum of particles 35 to 120° light-scattering Particle Measuring Systems Model PCASP-100X 0.10 to 3.0 µm
(15 channels)

Size spectrum of particles 90° light-scattering Particle Measuring Systems Model LAS-200 0.5 to 11 µm
(15 channels)

Size spectrum of particles Forward light-scattering Particle Measuring Systems Model FSSP-100 2 to 47 µm
(15 channels)

Size spectrum of particles Differential Mobility Particle Sizing Spectrometer (DMPS) TSI, modified
in-house 0.01 to 0.6 µm
(21 channels)

Light-scattering coefficient Integrating 3wavelength nephelometer with backscatter shutter MS Electron 1.0 x 10^-7 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1 for 550 and 700 nm channels, 2.0 x 10^-7 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1 for 450 nm channel

Light-scattering coefficient (for bag-house) Integrating nephelometer Radiance Research 1.0 x 10^-6 m^-1 to 2.0 x 10^-4 m^-1 or 1.0 x 10^-6 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1

Light absorption and graphitic carbon Particle soot/absorption photometer Radiance Research Absorption coefficient: 10^-7 to 10^-2 m¹; Carbon: 0.1 µm m^-3to 10 mg m³ (± 5%)

Graphitic and/or Organic Carbon Quartz filters thermal optical technique* Lawrence Berkeley Lab. (T. Novakov) 4 to 160 µg m^-3 (± 1.6 µg m^-3) for 1 m³ sample

Humidification factor for aerosol light-scattering Scanning humidigraph In house (designed and built for UW by Mark Rood) b_sp (RH) for 30% RH 85%

(d) Cloud Physics

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

Cloud and precipitation particle images Digital holographic camera SPEC, Inc. Model CPI-230 5 µm to 3 mm

Size spectrum cloud particles Forward light-scattering Particle Measuring Systems FSSP-100 2 to 47 µm
(15 channels)

Size spectrum of cloud and precipitation particles Diode occultation Particle Measuring Systems OAP-200X (1D-C) 20 to 310 µm
(15 channels)

Images of precipitation particles Diode imaging Particle Measuring Systems OAP-2D-C Resolution 200 µm

Liquid water content Hot wire resistance Johnson-Williams 0 to 2 or 0 to 6 g m^-3

Liquid water content Hot wire resistance King/PMS^Ý 0 to 5 g m^-3

Liquid water content; particle surface area; effective droplet radius Optical sensor Gerber Scientific Inc.
PVM-100X 0.001-10 g m^-3; 5-10,000 cm² m^-3; 270 µm

(Cont.)

________________
* Guest filters (measurements invalid)
^Ý Malfunctioned during most of study

TABLE 1 (continued)

(d) Cloud Physics (continued)

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

Optical scattering/extinction coefficients at 630 nm, asymmetry parameter, and back-to-forward scattering ratio for cloud and precipitation drops and ice particles g-meter Gerber Scientific, Inc. Particles to 10-2000 µm. Rate 5-100 Hz. Asymmetry parameter (g) to 1-2% accuracy. Optical extinction coefficient to 5-10%.

(e) Chemistry^Ý

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

Particulate species , , Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, , Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺ Teflon filters and ion exchange chromatography Gelman Dionix 0.1 to 50 µg m^-3 (for 500 liter air sample)

SO₂ Pulsed fluorescence Teco 43S (modified in-house) 0.1 to 200 ppb

O₃ Chemi-luminescence (C₂H₄) Monitor Labs Model 8410 A 0 to 5 ppmv (< 7 ppb)

CO Infrared correlation spectrometer Teco Model 141 0 to 50 ppmv (~0.1 ppmv)

CO₂ Infrared correlation spectrometer LI-COR Li-6262 0 to 300 ppmv (0.2 ppmv at 350 ppmv)

NO/NO_x Chemi-luminescence (O₃) Modified Monitor Labs Model 8840 0 to 5 ppmv (~1 ppb)

(f) Remote Sensing

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

Absorption and scattering of solar radiation by clouds; BRDF and albedo of surfaces Thirteen wavelength scanning radiometer NASA-Goddard/
University of Washington 13 discrete wavelengths between 470 and 2300 nm

Solar Spectral irradiance or radiance; Spectral transmission and reflectance* Up and down looking hemispherical signal collectors NASA Ames Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) (P. Pilewskie) 300-2500 nm (5-10 nm resolution). FOV 1 mrad. 1 Hz spectral sampling rate.

Weather radar Pilot's radar (=3 cm) Bendix/King (now Allied Signal) 160 nm

(Cont.)

________________

*	Guest instruments
^Ý	Due to problems with a newly constructed inlet tube, the gas measurements (SO₂, O₃, CO, CO₂ and NO/NO_x) were not reliable.

TABLE 1 (continued)

(g) Data Processing and Display

Parameter
Instrument Type
Manufacturer
Range(and error)

In-flight data processing and recording Microcomputer In-house, based on Motorola MVME-133A technology

Recording (analog voice transcription) Cassette recorder --

In-flight data processing and display Laptop PC NEC Versa 5060X

Digital printout Impact printer EPSON MX-80

Next to Table 2
Back to Section 3
Back to Table of Contents

(c) Aerosol (continued)
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Size spectrum of particles	35 to 120° light-scattering	Particle Measuring Systems Model PCASP-100X	0.10 to 3.0 µm (15 channels)
Size spectrum of particles	90° light-scattering	Particle Measuring Systems Model LAS-200	0.5 to 11 µm (15 channels)
Size spectrum of particles	Forward light-scattering	Particle Measuring Systems Model FSSP-100	2 to 47 µm (15 channels)
Size spectrum of particles	Differential Mobility Particle Sizing Spectrometer (DMPS)	TSI, modified in-house	0.01 to 0.6 µm (21 channels)
Light-scattering coefficient	Integrating 3wavelength nephelometer with backscatter shutter	MS Electron	1.0 x 10^-7 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1 for 550 and 700 nm channels, 2.0 x 10^-7 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1 for 450 nm channel
Light-scattering coefficient (for bag-house)	Integrating nephelometer	Radiance Research	1.0 x 10^-6 m^-1 to 2.0 x 10^-4 m^-1 or 1.0 x 10^-6 m^-1 to 1.0 x 10^-3 m^-1
Light absorption and graphitic carbon	Particle soot/absorption photometer	Radiance Research	Absorption coefficient: 10^-7 to 10^-2 m¹; Carbon: 0.1 µm m^-3to 10 mg m³ (± 5%)
Graphitic and/or Organic Carbon	Quartz filters thermal optical technique*	Lawrence Berkeley Lab. (T. Novakov)	4 to 160 µg m^-3 (± 1.6 µg m^-3) for 1 m³ sample
Humidification factor for aerosol light-scattering	Scanning humidigraph	In house (designed and built for UW by Mark Rood)	b_sp (RH) for 30% RH 85%
(d) Cloud Physics
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Cloud and precipitation particle images	Digital holographic camera	SPEC, Inc. Model CPI-230	5 µm to 3 mm
Size spectrum cloud particles	Forward light-scattering	Particle Measuring Systems FSSP-100	2 to 47 µm (15 channels)
Size spectrum of cloud and precipitation particles	Diode occultation	Particle Measuring Systems OAP-200X (1D-C)	20 to 310 µm (15 channels)
Images of precipitation particles	Diode imaging	Particle Measuring Systems OAP-2D-C	Resolution 200 µm
Liquid water content	Hot wire resistance	Johnson-Williams	0 to 2 or 0 to 6 g m^-3
Liquid water content	Hot wire resistance	King/PMS^Ý	0 to 5 g m^-3
Liquid water content; particle surface area; effective droplet radius	Optical sensor	Gerber Scientific Inc. PVM-100X	0.001-10 g m^-3; 5-10,000 cm² m^-3; 270 µm

(d) Cloud Physics (continued)
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Optical scattering/extinction coefficients at 630 nm, asymmetry parameter, and back-to-forward scattering ratio for cloud and precipitation drops and ice particles	g-meter	Gerber Scientific, Inc.	Particles to 10-2000 µm. Rate 5-100 Hz. Asymmetry parameter (g) to 1-2% accuracy. Optical extinction coefficient to 5-10%.
(e) Chemistry^Ý
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Particulate species , , Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, , Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺	Teflon filters and ion exchange chromatography	Gelman Dionix	0.1 to 50 µg m^-3 (for 500 liter air sample)
SO₂	Pulsed fluorescence	Teco 43S (modified in-house)	0.1 to 200 ppb
O₃	Chemi-luminescence (C₂H₄)	Monitor Labs Model 8410 A	0 to 5 ppmv (< 7 ppb)
CO	Infrared correlation spectrometer	Teco Model 141	0 to 50 ppmv (~0.1 ppmv)
CO₂	Infrared correlation spectrometer	LI-COR Li-6262	0 to 300 ppmv (0.2 ppmv at 350 ppmv)
NO/NO_x	Chemi-luminescence (O₃)	Modified Monitor Labs Model 8840	0 to 5 ppmv (~1 ppb)
(f) Remote Sensing
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
Absorption and scattering of solar radiation by clouds; BRDF and albedo of surfaces	Thirteen wavelength scanning radiometer	NASA-Goddard/ University of Washington	13 discrete wavelengths between 470 and 2300 nm
Solar Spectral irradiance or radiance; Spectral transmission and reflectance*	Up and down looking hemispherical signal collectors	NASA Ames Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) (P. Pilewskie)	300-2500 nm (5-10 nm resolution). FOV 1 mrad. 1 Hz spectral sampling rate.
Weather radar	Pilot's radar (=3 cm)	Bendix/King (now Allied Signal)	160 nm

(g) Data Processing and Display
Parameter	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Range(and error)
In-flight data processing and recording	Microcomputer	In-house, based on Motorola MVME-133A technology
Recording (analog voice transcription)	Cassette recorder	--
In-flight data processing and display	Laptop PC	NEC Versa 5060X
Digital printout	Impact printer	EPSON MX-80