From 13 August through 18 September 2000 the CARG participated in the SAFARI 2000 field study in Southern Africa. The CARG's Convair-580 was based in Pietersburg (South Africa) from 7 August through 9 September, and in Walvis Bay (Namibia) from 12-18 September.

The main objectives of SAFARI 2000 are (1) to provide in situ validation data for remote sensing measurements from the NASA ER-2 aircraft and the EOS Terra satellite; (2) to obtain measurements needed to evaluate the contributions of emissions from biogenic, biomass burning, and industrial sources to the sub-continental haze over Southern Africa; and (3) to study the evolution of the regional haze as it is transported in a counter-clockwise gyre over the sub-continent. In addition, during the last two weeks of this field project, the Convair-580 participated with the NASA ER-2 in a study of marine stratus clouds off the Namibia coast.

CARG Publications on SAFARI 2000:

1. Hobbs, P. V., "SAFARI-2000 University of Washington Flight Scenarios." Technical Report for SAFARI 2000 Field Project, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 51 pp, 2000.

2. Hobbs, P. V., "Summary of Flights and Types of Data Collected Aboard the University of Washington's Convair-580 Research Aircraft in the SAFARI-2000 Field Study in Southern Africa from 10 August Through 18 September 2000." Technical Report for SAFARI 2000 Field Project, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 270 pp, 2001. (File in pdf format.)

3. Hobbs, P. V., "Clean air slots amid atmospheric pollution." Nature, 415, 861, 2002.

4. Swap, R. J., H. J. Annegarn, J. T. Suttles, J. Haywood, M. C. Helmlinger, C. Hely, P. V. Hobbs, B. N. Holben, J. Ji, M. D. King, T. Landmann, W. Maenhaut, L. Otter, B. Pak, S. J. Piketh, S. Platnick, J. Privette, D. Roy, A. M. Thompson, D. Ward, and R. Yokelson, "The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000): Overview of the Dry Season Field Campaign." S. Afr. J. Sci., 98, 125-130, 2002.

5. Kirchstetter, T. W., T. Novakov, P. V. Hobbs, and B. Magi, "Airborne Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosols in Southern Africa During the Dry Biomass Burning Season." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8476, doi:10.1029/2002JD002171, 2003.
6. Yokelson, R. J., I. T. Bertschi, T. J. Christian, P. V. Hobbs, D. E. Ward, and W. M. Hao, "Trace Gas Measurements in Nascent, Aged, and Cloud-Processed Smoke From African Savanna Fires by Airborne Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (AFTIR)." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8478, doi:10.1029/2002JD002322, 2003.
7. Eatough, D. J., N. L. Eatough, Y. Pang, S. Sizemore, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakov, and P. V. Hobbs, "Semivolatile Particulate Organic Material in Southern Africa During SAFARI 2000." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8479, doi:10.1029/2002JD002296, 2003.
8. Pósfai, M., R. Simonics, J. Li, P. V. Hobbs, and P. R. Buseck, "Individual Aerosol Particles From Biomass Burning in Southern Africa: 1. Compositions and Size Distributions of Carbonaceous Particles." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8483, doi:10.1029/2002JD002291, 2003.
9. Li, J., M. Pósfai, P. V. Hobbs, and P. R. Buseck, "Individual Aerosol Particles From Biomass Burning in Southern Africa: 2, Compositions and Aging of Inorganic Particles." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8484, doi:10.1029/2002JD002310, 2003.
10. Hobbs, P. V., P. Sinha, R. J. Yokelson, T. J. Christian, D. R. Blake, S. Gao, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakov, and P. Pilewskie, "Evolution of Gases and Particles From a Savanna Fire in South Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8485, doi:10.1029/2002JD002352, 2003.
11. Pilewskie, P., J. Pommier, R. Bergstrom, W. Gore, S. Howard, M. Rabbette, B. Schmid, P. V. Hobbs, and S. C. Tsay, "Solar Spectral Radiative Forcing During the Southern African Regional Science Initiative." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8486, doi:10.1029/2002JD002411, 2003.
12. Sinha, P., P. V. Hobbs, R. J. Yokelson, I. T. Bertschi, D. R. Blake, I. J. Simpson, S. Gao, T. W. Kirchstetter, and T. Novakov, "Emissions of Trace Gases and Particles From Savanna Fires in Southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8487, doi:10.1029/2002JD002325, 2003.
13. Hobbs, P. V., "Appendix A: An Overview of the University of Washington's Airborne Measurements in the SAFARI-2000 Field Study in Southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8487, doi:10.1029/2002JD002325, 2003. [Appendix within Sinha et al., "Emissions of Trace Gases and Particles From Savanna Fires in Southern Africa."]
14. Hobbs, P. V., "Clean Air Slots Amid Dense Atmospheric Pollution in Southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8490, doi:10.1029/2002JD002156, 2003.
15. Gao, S., D. A. Hegg, P. V. Hobbs, T. W. Kirchstetter, B. I. Magi, and M. Sadilek, "Water-Soluble Organic Components in Aerosols Associated With Savanna Fires in Southern Africa: Identification, Evolution and Distribution." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8491, doi:10.1029/2002JD002324, 2003.
16. McMillan, W. W., M. L. McCourt, H. E. Revercomb, R. O. Knuteson, T. J. Christian, B. G. Doddridge, P. V. Hobbs, J. V. Lukovich, P. C. Novelli, S. J. Piketh, L. Sparling, D. Stein, R. J. Swap, and R. J. Yokelson, "Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide Measurements from the Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder on 7 September 2000 in Southern Africa During SAFARI 2000." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8492, doi:10.1029/2002JD002335, 2003.
17. Magi, B. I., and P. V. Hobbs, "The Effects of Humidity on Aerosols in Southern Africa during the Biomass Burning Season." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8495, doi:10.1029/2002JD002144, 2003.
18. Schmid, B., J. Redemann, P. B. Russell, P. V. Hobbs, D. L. Hlavka, M. J. McGill, B. N. Holben, E. J. Welton, J. R. Campbell, O. Torres, R. A. Kahn, D. J. Diner, M. C. Helmlinger, D. A. Chu, C. Robles-Gonzalez, and G. de Leeuw, "Coordinated Airborne, Spaceborne, and Ground-Based Measurements of Massive, Thick Aerosol Layers During the Dry Season in Southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8496, doi:10.1029/2002JD002297, 2003.
19. Sinha, P., P. V. Hobbs, R. J. Yokelson, T. J. Christian, T. W. Kirchstetter, and R. Bruintjes, "Emissions of trace gases and particles from two ships in the southern Atlantic Ocean." Atmos. Environ., 37(15), 2139-2148, 2003.
20. Magi, B. I., P. V. Hobbs, B. Schmid, and J. Redemann, "Vertical Profiles of Light Scattering, Light Absorption, and Single Scattering Albedo During the Dry, Biomass Burning Season in Southern Africa and Comparisons of In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements of Aerosol Optical Depths." J. Geophys. Res. (SAFARI-2000 Special Issue), 108(D13), 8504, doi:10.1029/2002JD002361, 2003.

Official SAFARI 2000 home page.

University of Virginia's SAFARI 2000 home page.

Instrumentation aboard the Convair-580 in SAFARI 2000.

Overview of University of Washington Convair-580 Research Flights For SAFARI 2000.

Summary Reports and Flight Tracks for the University of Washington's Convair-580 Flights in SAFARI 2000.

Photographs taken aboard the Convair-580 during the SAFARI 2000 Field Project by Peter V. Hobbs.

Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF) or NASA.